{"id":2376,"date":"2026-08-20T16:12:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T14:12:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/relab.gebsoftware.com\/?page_id=2376"},"modified":"2026-10-29T09:24:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T08:24:07","slug":"district-heating-and-cooling","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/home\/research\/district-heating-and-cooling\/","title":{"rendered":"District Heating and Cooling (DHC)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-12ef7752 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-de481cfb alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-43d5b64c\"><h2 class=\"pre-title\">Description<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">District heating and cooling (DHC) networks are infrastructures that allow the extensive use of renewable energy sources to meet the intense energy demand of urban areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our researchers have extensive experience in conducting feasibility studies aimed at improving energy efficiency at urban level, reducing fossil fuel consumption, and minimizing pollutant emissions in both existing and new district heating networks. Their expertise includes the modelling and simulation of district heating networks and heat generation systems, as well as the assessment of thermal energy demand, at different scale of analysis. From a large-scale perspective with black box models, to detailed local planning by using GIS software and optimization models, to sizing and design of DH systems at building level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We support and collaborate with utilities and local authorities in the planning and operation of decarbonized district heating systems, and actively participate in national and international research projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-c5db6a1d\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1\" style=\"color:#102c53;font-style:normal;font-weight:800\"><strong>Research Topics<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-layout-grid uagb-block-79295dd8\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list uagb-block-543cf34a\"><div class=\"uagb-icon-list__wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-849e7318\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">4GDH \u2013 Analysis on new models for 4GDH in Italy: an innovative for the fast integration of the RES sources<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-4aa765e1\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">District Energy in cities Initiative<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-107b2c9c\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">Smart and Flexible 100 % Renewable District Heating and Cooling Systems for European Cities<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-7ff708bd\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">Merezzate+<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list uagb-block-d4793418\"><div class=\"uagb-icon-list__wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-0723fd75\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">SDHplus \u2013 Solar District Heating<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-27339c6b\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">SDHp2m- Solar District Heating<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-bde20d31\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">Deep demonstrations of healthy and Clean Cities \u2013 Milan (DDMI)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-6cd0d52a\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">Reinventing cities \u2013 Milano<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-93162da9\"><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/icona-relab.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\"\/><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">WH Polimi-RSE<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-c73872da\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-004c4dab\">\n<a href=\"\/en\/research\/publications\" class=\"card-link-wrapper\">\n\n<div class=\"card card--graphic card--height-1 card-md--height-1 card--celeste\">\n\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n\n                    <p class=\"card-subtitle h6\">\n                01            <\/p>\n        \n                    <h4 class=\"card-title number_small\">\n                Publications            <\/h4>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n\n    \n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/research\/project\/\" class=\"card-link-wrapper\">\n\n<div class=\"card card--graphic card--height-1 card-md--height-1 card--light\">\n\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n\n                    <p class=\"card-subtitle h6\">\n                02            <\/p>\n        \n                    <h4 class=\"card-title number_small\">\n                Projects            <\/h4>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n\n    \n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-6c4105a8\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\"><strong><strong>Area Manager<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-thumbnail has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/alice-denarie-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"alice-denarie\" class=\"wp-image-1487\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:200px;border-top-right-radius:200px;border-bottom-left-radius:200px;border-bottom-right-radius:200px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-638cc436\"><p class=\"uagb-heading-text\"><strong>Alice D\u00e9nari\u00e9<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"uagb-desc-text\"><strong>Associate Professor<\/strong><br><strong><a href=\"mailto:tommaso.toppi@polimi.it\"><\/a><a href=\"mailto:alice.denarie@polimi.it\">alice.denarie@polimi.it<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-0e852587 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\"><h2 class=\"pre-title\">Other Research Areas<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"slider swiper my-carousel\" data-slides=\"2.5\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n        \n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n    \n\n<div class=\"card card--photographic card--height-2 card-md--height-2\">\n    \n<picture class=\"focus-adjust d-block w-100 h-100\">\n        <source data-variant=\"default\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"414\" data-height=\"405\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.4228554534015589}\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"xlarge\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"354\" data-height=\"346\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.422483829023177}\" media=\"(min-width: 1200px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"large\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"294\" data-height=\"287\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.42196052122504757}\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"medium\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"214\" data-height=\"237\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.345074680053001,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"small\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"498\" data-height=\"551\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.34540244744420084,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(min-width: 576px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"extrasmall\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"372\" data-height=\"412\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.34505902472771055,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(max-width: 575px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-375.png 2x\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==\" alt=\"\"\n            loading=\"lazy\" class=\"w-100 h-100 object-fit-cover\" style=\"object-position: 38.2162% 42.2855%;\">\n    <\/picture>\n\n    <div class=\"card-img-overlay\">\n        <div class=\"card-body\">\n            <p class=\"card-title text-white\">\n                Research            <\/p>\n            <h4 class=\"card-title text-white number_small \">\n                Energy Scenarios            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"card-text\">\n                <p><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-footer\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/home\/research\/energy-scenarios\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn--icon btn-light\">\n                <span class=\"btn-text\">\n                     Explore                <\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n    \n\n<div class=\"card card--photographic card--height-2 card-md--height-2\">\n    \n<picture class=\"focus-adjust d-block w-100 h-100\">\n        <source data-variant=\"default\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"414\" data-height=\"405\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.4228554534015589}\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"xlarge\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"354\" data-height=\"346\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.422483829023177}\" media=\"(min-width: 1200px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"large\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"294\" data-height=\"287\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.42196052122504757}\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"medium\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"214\" data-height=\"237\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.345074680053001,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"small\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"498\" data-height=\"551\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.34540244744420084,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(min-width: 576px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"extrasmall\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"372\" data-height=\"412\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.34505902472771055,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(max-width: 575px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-374.png 2x\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==\" alt=\"\"\n            loading=\"lazy\" class=\"w-100 h-100 object-fit-cover\" style=\"object-position: 38.2162% 42.2855%;\">\n    <\/picture>\n\n    <div class=\"card-img-overlay\">\n        <div class=\"card-body\">\n            <p class=\"card-title text-white\">\n                Research            <\/p>\n            <h4 class=\"card-title text-white number_small \">\n                Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"card-text\">\n                <p><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-footer\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/home\/research\/life-cycle-assessment-lca\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn--icon btn-light\">\n                <span class=\"btn-text\">\n                     Explore                <\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n    \n\n<div class=\"card card--photographic card--height-2 card-md--height-2\">\n    \n<picture class=\"focus-adjust d-block w-100 h-100\">\n        <source data-variant=\"default\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"414\" data-height=\"405\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.4228554534015589}\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"xlarge\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"354\" data-height=\"346\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.422483829023177}\" media=\"(min-width: 1200px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"large\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"294\" data-height=\"287\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.42196052122504757}\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"medium\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"214\" data-height=\"237\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.345074680053001,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"small\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"498\" data-height=\"551\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.34540244744420084,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(min-width: 576px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"extrasmall\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"372\" data-height=\"412\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.34505902472771055,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(max-width: 575px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-373.png 2x\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==\" alt=\"\"\n            loading=\"lazy\" class=\"w-100 h-100 object-fit-cover\" style=\"object-position: 38.2162% 42.2855%;\">\n    <\/picture>\n\n    <div class=\"card-img-overlay\">\n        <div class=\"card-body\">\n            <p class=\"card-title text-white\">\n                Research            <\/p>\n            <h4 class=\"card-title text-white number_small \">\n                Heating and cooling systems based on renewable sources            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"card-text\">\n                <p><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-footer\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/home\/research\/heating-and-cooling-systems-from-renewable-energy-sources\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn--icon btn-light\">\n                <span class=\"btn-text\">\n                     Explore                <\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n    \n\n<div class=\"card card--photographic card--height-2 card-md--height-2\">\n    \n<picture class=\"focus-adjust d-block w-100 h-100\">\n        <source data-variant=\"default\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"414\" data-height=\"405\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.4228554534015589}\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"xlarge\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"354\" data-height=\"346\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.422483829023177}\" media=\"(min-width: 1200px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"large\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"294\" data-height=\"287\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.382162145666174,&quot;y&quot;:0.42196052122504757}\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"medium\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"214\" data-height=\"237\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.345074680053001,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"small\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"498\" data-height=\"551\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.34540244744420084,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(min-width: 576px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 2x\">\n        <source data-variant=\"extrasmall\" data-crop=\"default\" data-width=\"372\" data-height=\"412\"\n            data-focus=\"{&quot;x&quot;:0.34505902472771055,&quot;y&quot;:0.4322522412549268}\" media=\"(max-width: 575px)\"\n            srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 1x,https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-366.png 2x\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==\" alt=\"\"\n            loading=\"lazy\" class=\"w-100 h-100 object-fit-cover\" style=\"object-position: 38.2162% 42.2855%;\">\n    <\/picture>\n\n    <div class=\"card-img-overlay\">\n        <div class=\"card-body\">\n            <p class=\"card-title text-white\">\n                Research            <\/p>\n            <h4 class=\"card-title text-white number_small \">\n                Energy efficiency in buildings            <\/h4>\n            <div class=\"card-text\">\n                <p><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-footer\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/home\/research\/energy-efficiency-in-buildings\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn--icon btn-light\">\n                <span class=\"btn-text\">\n                     Explore                <\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-controls d-flex align-items-center gap-1\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-navigation\">\n            <div class=\"tx_news_button-prev prev-1050\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"tx_news_button-next next-1050\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-1050\"><\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"buttons-wrapper d-flex gap-2\">\n                                    <a class=\"btn Chiaro btn-dark\" href=\"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/home\/research\/\">\n                        <span>Explore<\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction initSwiper() {\n    if (typeof Swiper === 'undefined') return;\n\n    document.querySelectorAll('.my-carousel').forEach(slider => {\n        if (slider.swiper) return;\n\n        \/\/ Recuperiamo il numero di slide dal data-attribute impostato in PHP\n        const slidesToShow = slider.getAttribute('data-slides') || 1.5;\n\n        new Swiper(slider, {\n            \/\/ Configurazione base per MOBILE (fino a 767px)\n            slidesPerView: 2.5, \n            spaceBetween: 20,\n            loop: false,\n            pagination: {\n                el: slider.querySelector('.swiper-pagination-1050'), \/\/ Corretto riferimento classe\n                type: \"progressbar\",\n            },\n            navigation: {\n                nextEl: slider.querySelector('.next-1050'), \/\/ Corretto riferimento classe\n                prevEl: slider.querySelector('.prev-1050')  \/\/ Corretto riferimento classe\n            },\n            \/\/ Responsive breakpoints\n            breakpoints: {\n                \/\/ Da 0 a 767px vedr\u00e0 2 slide (impostato sopra)\n                \n                \/\/ Da Tablet (768px) in su\n                360: {\n                    slidesPerView: 1.5,\n                    spaceBetween: 25\n                },\n                768: {\n                    slidesPerView: 2.5,\n                    spaceBetween: 25\n                },\n                \/\/ Da Desktop (1024px) in su usa il valore ACF\n                1024: { \n                    slidesPerView: parseFloat(slidesToShow),\n                    spaceBetween: 30\n                }\n            }\n        });\n    });\n}\n\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initSwiper);\n\n\/\/ Supporto per l'anteprima nell'editor Gutenberg (ACF)\nif (window.acf) {\n    window.acf.addAction('render_block_preview\/type=carosello-base', initSwiper);\n}\n<\/script><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-8fde4773 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-b92c433f\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container p-0 uagb-block-3c83ae06 default uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-info-box uagb-block-43dde30b uagb-infobox__content-wrap  uagb-infobox-icon-above-title uagb-infobox-image-valign-top\"><div class=\"uagb-ifb-content\"><div class=\"uagb-ifb-title-wrap\"><h2 class=\"uagb-ifb-title\">Interested in our services?<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"uagb-ifb-desc\">Contact us for more information about our testing services and research collaborations.<br><a href=\"tel:+390223993868\">+39 02 2399 3868<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"mailto:info-relab@polimi.it\">info-relab@polimi.it<\/a><br><\/p><div class=\"uagb-ifb-button-wrapper wp-block-button\"><a href=\"\/en\/contacts\/\" class=\"uagb-infobox-cta-link wp-block-button__link\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" onclick=\"return true;\"><span class=\"uagb-inline-editing\">Contact us<\/span><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>District heating and cooling (DHC) networks are infrastructures that allow the extensive use of renewable energy sources to meet the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2377,"parent":2359,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2376","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-367.png",634,476,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-367-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-367-300x225.png",300,225,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-367.png",634,476,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-367.png",634,476,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-367.png",634,476,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Immagine-367.png",634,476,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Eleonora","author_link":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/author\/eleonora\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"District heating and cooling (DHC) networks are infrastructures that allow the extensive use of renewable energy sources to meet the [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2376"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2738,"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2376\/revisions\/2738"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2359"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.relab.polimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}